La dimensión climática en los conflictos sudaneses: desafío para la estabilidad de Darfur
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Resumen
El presente trabajo tiene como tema la influencia del cambio climático en los conflictos en Sudán, especialmente en Darfur. Tras obtener su independencia en 1956, Sudán ha tenido que lidiar con disputas tanto en la región sur (que culminaron con la separación de Sudán del Sur en 2011) como en Darfur, lo que resultó en un conflicto abierto en 2003. En las últimas dos décadas, el cambio climático ha pasado a ser considerado cada vez más como un factor potencial que exacerba estas tensiones locales. Ante esto, buscamos responder la siguiente pregunta: ¿cuáles son las implicaciones del cambio climático para el panorama de seguridad de Sudán, particularmente en Darfur? En términos teóricos, el artículo adopta una perspectiva crítica de seguridad, con el objetivo de comprender el carácter multidimensional de las fuentes no tradicionales de amenazas a la seguridad del país, como la amenaza climática. En términos metodológicos, se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo y hermenéutico, con el análisis de informes de organizaciones internacionales y documentos del gobierno sudanés, además de otros trabajos académicos. Si bien los fenómenos climáticos han contribuido a la exacerbación de la inestabilidad en Sudán, sobre todo las disputas en Darfur, se concluye que su influencia se produjo de manera indirecta, en conjunto con otras dimensiones sociales, económicas y políticas. Se entiende, sin embargo, que la inclusión de aspectos climáticos sería una herramienta importante para reducir la inestabilidad local.
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Referencias
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