Prediseño de misión espacial para desviar el asteroide Apophis de un encuentro cercano a la Tierra
Keywords:
Mecánica Orbital, Trayectorias Interplanetarias, Asteroides, Impacto, Maniobras OrbitalesAbstract
The development of mitigation strategies for asteroid impact with the Earth is essential in case the monitoring of close encounters reveals a significant threat. In this work, the different existing mitigation strategies were reviewed to apply them to the hypothetical case of the asteroid (99942) Apophis. Orbital modification options were evaluated to avoid the impact, and the efficiency of different mitigation strategies were studied regarding the amount of payload required. Additionally, orbital transfer strategies for the spacecraft flight between Earth and the asteroid were analysed, considering different geometric configurations and orbital manoeuvres. Finally, Earth's escape from a selected parking orbit was designed, and an estimated value of the launching masses involved were provided, as well as a launcher and launch base proposal to deploy the mission. Based on the results obtained, it concludes with the discussion of the real possibility of avoiding the collision of this particular asteroid in the conditions set forth, and the possibility of applying the pre-design to other cases and conditions.
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