Apertura Comercial y Distribución del Ingreso: Un Análisis de Panel para America Latina (1990-2016)
Palabras clave:
América Latina, apertura comercial, comercio internacional, desigualdad del ingresoResumen
El presente trabajo analiza los determinantes de la distribución del ingreso en dieciocho países de América Latina durante el período 1990-2016. Nuestro principal interés es evaluar si la apertura comercial se asocia a un perfil más favorable de la distribución del ingreso. Los resultados de nuestro análisis de panel demuestran que efectivamente ocurre esto. Los mismos son robustos a enfoques metodológicos alternativos, a la inclusión de diversas variables de control como la inflación, el crecimiento económico anual, el PBI real per cápita, el nivel de calificaciones de la fuerza laboral y la tasa de cambio real efectiva, y particularmente a la utilización de dos indicadores distintos de la variable de interés: el coeficiente de apertura económica, que es la operacionalización más utilizada en la literatura, y el nivel promedio de tarifas.
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