De los factores de riesgo de enfermedad arterial a la placa ateromatosa detección de la placa de alto riesgo
Palabras clave:
Poder oxidativo, Placas de ateroma, Cascada de coagulación, Contenido o composición determinante de riesgo, Nuevos métodos diagnósticosResumen
La ateroesclerosis es un fenómeno patológico caracterizado por e engrosamiento y endurecimiento de las paredes arteriales debido a la acumulación de lípidos, carbohidratos, productos sanguíneos y depósitos de calcio dentro del espacio subendotelial. Los factores de riesgo de enfermedad arterial impactan en las arterias de toda la economía. Hoy es claro que la composición de la placa es el mayor determinante del riesgo de ruptura de la misma y la trombosis sobreimpuesta. Siguiendo a la ruptura, el core lipídico y su alto contenido de factor tisular, provee un poderoso substrato para la activación de la cascada de la coagulación. Se han efectuado avances significativos en la comprensión de los mecanismos que enmarcan esta enfermedad, y existe considerable evidencia que la composición de la placa es un determinante mayor para el comienzo y la severidad de los síndromes coronarios agudos. En consecuencia, la capacidad para identificar dicha composición y monitorizar su progresión. constituyen informaciones de incalculable valor respecto al desarrollo de síndromes coronarios agudos. La cineangiocoronariografía convencional falla en predecir episodios agudos, de manera que pierde el valor como de preferencia en este tema, y ha impulsado a los investigadores a desarrollar nuevos métodos, invasivos y no tnvasivos, para reconocer la placa ateroesclerótica de alto riesgo y las áreas comprometidas para intervenciones oportunas.
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