What Is Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK)?

Abstract

This paper describes a teacher knoledge framework for technology integration called technological pedagogical content knowledge (originall TPCK, now knows as TPACK, or technology, pedagogy, and content knowledge). This framework builds on Lee Shilman’s (1986, 1987) construct of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) to include technology knowledge. The development of TPACK by teachers is critical to effective teaching with technology. The paper begins with a brief instroducction to the complex ill structure nature of teaching. The nature of technologies (both analog and digital) is considered, as well as how the inclusion of technology in pedagogy further complicates teaching. The TPACK framework for teacher knowledge is drescribed in detail as a complex interacction among three bodies of knowledge: content, pedagogy, and technology. The interaction of these bodies of knowledge, both theoretically and in practice, produces the types of flexible knowledge needed to successfully intregrate technology use into teaching.