Evaluation and comparison of protein composition and quality in half-sib families of opaque-2 maize (Zea mays L.) from Argentina
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The objective of this study was to characterize and compare the protein composition of half-sib families of opaque-2 maize from Argentina through progeny testing. Grain hardness, protein fractions, amino acid content and in vitro protein digestibility (PD) of whole grain flour were determined. Non-opaque genotypes were used as control. Total protein content of o2 genotypes correlated negatively with the grain hardness (r=-42 in 2012 and r=-0.32 in 2013) and did not show significant differences in relation to non-opaque genotypes; however, o2 genotypes showed significantly higher PD, lower zein proportion, and higher albumin, globulin and glutelin contents. The o2progenies showed significantly higher lysine content and higher levels of other essential amino acids, such as isoleucine and threonine compared to white corn. Lysine content, protein fraction contents and PD showed a higher contribution of genetic variance to the total variability, despite the high contribution of crop year variance obtained by total protein content. The differences shown by progeny protein profiles would enable the identification of o2 genotypes with lower zein level and higher lysine content; this allows us to continue the selection and improvement to obtain open-pollination varieties enhanced in terms of protein quality.
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