Yield components and grain yield in two Argentinian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars differing in plant height under different nitrogen supply
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to study the relationship between yield components and yield in two cultivars with traditional or Mexican germplasm, when grown under different nitrogen (N) supply during the crop cycle. Klein Toledo and La Paz INTA, a standard height and a semi-dwarf cultivar, respectively, were grown under high (H) and low (L) nitrogen supply, changed at maximum floret number stage. N shortage early during crop cycle severely reduced tiller and spikelet number and dry weight·plant⁻¹, this effect being greater for the semi-dwarf cultivar, where reductions of 34, 42 and 70% were registered for these variables. N shortage at maximum floret number stage reduced all the variables measured, except floret number, which seems to be less sensitive to environmental constraints than other variables. Reductions in the number of potential grain sites at this stage due to decrease in spikelet number was not modified by later applied N. Hence, at harvest, grain number·ear⁻¹ was markedly affected, but no differences between cultivars were registered. In addition, it was demonstrated for both cultivars that N assimilation continues well after anthesis, probably due to a significant retention of root function.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Austin, R.B., Bingham, J., Blackwell, R.D., Evans, L.T., Ford, M.A., Morgan, C.L., & Taylor, M. (1980). Genetic improvement in winter wheat yields since 1900 and associated physiological changes. J. Agric. Sci., 94, 675-689.
Beveridge, J.L., Jarvis, R.H., & Ridgman, W.J. (1965). Studies on the nitrogen manuring of winter wheat. J. Agric. Sci., 65, 379-386.
Caldiz, D.O., & Sarandón, S.J. (1988). Influence of shading in different periods upon ear development, grain yield, and its components in two wheat cultivars. Agronomie, 8, 327-332.
Dalrymple, D.G. (1986). Development and spread of high-yielding wheat varieties in developing countries. Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C. 99 pp.
Fischer, R.A., & Hille Ris Lambers, D. (1978). Effect of environment and cultivar on source limitation to grain weight in wheat. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 29, 443-458.
Grafius, J.E. (1978). Multiple characters and correlated response. Crop Sci., 18, 931-934.
Hoagland, D.R., & Arnon, D.R. (1950). The water-culture method for growing plants without soil. Bull. California Agric. Exp. Sta., 347, 31 pp.
Klatt, A. (1986). El crecimiento demográfico y la producción de alimentos: la tarea que encaramos. Actas 18.º Cong. Nac. de Trigo, AIANBA, Pergamino, Argentina, pp. 15-31.
Langer, R.H.M., & Liew, F.K.Y. (1973). Effects of varying nitrogen supply at different stages of the reproductive phase on spikelet and grain production and on grain nitrogen in wheat. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 24, 647-656.
Ledent, J.F., & Stoy, V. (1988). Yield of winter wheat: A comparison of genotypes from 1910 to 1976. Cereal Res. Comm., 16, 151-156.
Löffler, C.M., Rauch, T.L., & Busch, R.H. (1985). Grain and plant protein relationships in hard red spring wheat. Crop Sci., 25, 521-524.
Moncur, M.W. (1981). Floral initiation of field crops. CSIRO, Melbourne, National Library of Australia, 135 pp.
Nisi, J., & Legasa, A. (1986). Influencia del germoplasma mexicano en los rendimientos de trigo del país. Actas 1.º Cong. Nac. de Trigo, AIANBA, Pergamino, Argentina, pp. 81-95.
Nisi, J., Legasa, A., de Galich, M., Bainotti, C., Galich, A., Salines, J., & Fraschina, J. (1986). Avances del Programa Cooperativo de Mejoramiento Genético del INTA. Actas 18.º Cong. Nac. de Trigo, AIANBA, Pergamino, Argentina, pp. 60-80.
Perry, M.W., & D'Antuono, M.F. (1989). Yield improvement and associated characteristics of some Australian spring wheats introduced between 1860 and 1982. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 40, 457-472.
Reilly, M.L. (1984). Functional aspects of cereal structure. In: E.J. Gallagher (Ed.), Cereal Production, Royal Dublin Society - Butterworths, London, pp. 137-160.
Sarandón, S.J., & Caldiz, D.O. (1990). Effects of varying nitrogen supply at different growth stages on nitrogen uptake and nitrogen partitioning efficiency in two wheat cultivars. Fertilizer Res., 22, 21-27.
Single, W.V. (1964). The influence of nitrogen supply on the fertility of the wheat ear. Aust. Exp. Agric. and Anim. Husb., 4, 165-168.
Slafer, G.A., & Andrade, F.H. (1989). Genetic improvement in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in Argentina. Field Crops Res., 21, 289-296.
Slafer, G.A., & Andrade, F.H. (1990). Análisis fisiológico del mejoramiento genético del trigo: Una revisión de lo ocurrido en diferentes partes del mundo. Actas 21.º Cong. Nac. de Trigo, AIANBA, Pergamino, Argentina, pp. 1-27.
Slafer, G.A., & Andrade, F.H. (1993). Physiological attributes related to the generation of grain yield in bread wheat cultivars released at different eras. Field Crops Res., 31, 351-367.
Slafer, G.A., & Miralles, D.J. (1993). Fruiting efficiency in three bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars released at different eras. J. Agronomy and Crop Sci., 170, 251-260.
Spiertz, J.H.J., de Von, N.M., & ten Holte, L. (1984). The role of nitrogen in yield formation of cereals, especially of winter wheat. In: E.J. Gallagher (Ed.), Cereal Production, Royal Dublin Society - Butterworths, London, pp. 249-258.