Evaluation of different construction materials in the shield sunflower harvester head (Helianthus annuus L.) for the reduction of capitulum shelling
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Abstract
In the harvest, the highest percentage of grain losses occurs in the harvester head. This exceeds 70 % of the total loss in the cultivation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The objectives of this work were to test the different manufacturing materials of the shield of the sunflower head at different speeds to reduce losses due to impact and to propose different recommended speeds for each material. The test was carried out on confectionery sunflower (Hybrid NTC 90). A Mainero brand head was used. It was tested at two different forward speeds (6.5 km/h and 8 km/h) with three shields made of different materials: a 2 mm thick sheet metal shield, a shield covered with elastomer, and a shield made of fiberglass. The parameter evaluated was the loss of grains in the harvester head. The results obtained show that the fiberglass shield presented the lowest percentage of grain losses and that at 8 km/h grain losses exceeded those recommended regardless of the shield used. It is concluded that the use of more elastic materials reduces grain loss due to impact.
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