Variación de la evapotranspiración de referencia entre 1968 y 2018 en Córdoba (Argentina)bajo la influencia de la velocidad del viento y la amplitud térmica
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Se analizó la diferencia entre la tasa diaria de evapotranspiración de referencia (ETo), que el método de Penman-Monteith (PM) calcula con el conjunto completo de variables meteorológicas y la obtenida utilizando solo registros térmicos y una velocidad superficial (u2) constante de 2 m s-1 (PMxn), empleando información meteorológica de las estaciones Río Cuarto Aero (RC), Marcos Juárez Aero (MJ), Pilar Observatorio (PI) y Villa Dolores Aero (VD) entre 1968 y 2018. La diferencia entre las tasas de ETo que resultan de PM y PMxn se incrementa de manera lineal con el aumento de u2, de modo que el empleo de PMxn debería estar restringido solo a lugares y días de menor u2. Los valores anuales de ETo obtenidos con ambos procedimientos exhiben una fluctuación entre 1968 y 2018, con valores decrecientes hasta la década de 1990, cuando la lluvia acusa registros máximos en la región; y crecientes desde entonces. Mientras la amplitud térmica (AT) en PI, MJ y RC muestra una fluctuación análoga a ETo, en MJ también u2 exhibe una fluctuación en fase con ETo, y en VD solo u2 presenta la variación de largo plazo concurrente a ETo. Únicamente RC mostró una tendencia lineal creciente de ETo.
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