Influencia de los hongos micorrícicos y nitrógeno en el crecimiento y rendimiento del maíz blanco en los Andes ecuatorianos
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El maíz blanco desempeña un papel fundamental en la alimentación de las comunidades andinas de Ecuador, especialmente en las áreas rurales y empobrecidas. Este estudio evaluó el impacto de las micorrizas y la fertilización nitrogenada en el crecimiento y rendimiento del maíz blanco en las condiciones andinas de Loja, Ecuador, usando un diseño aleatorizado con arreglo bifactorial. El primer factor implicó la inoculación de micorrizas, comprendiendo tres dosis: 0 (control), 330 y 660 esporas por planta. El segundo factor se centró en el fertilizante con tres dosis: 0 (control), 40 y 80 kg/ha de nitrógeno. La combinación de micorrizas y fertilización nitrogenada favoreció la altura de las plantas y el diámetro del tallo: los mejores resultados se lograron al aplicar 330 esporas por planta y 80 kg/ha de nitrógeno. La aplicación independiente de nitrógeno y micorrizas incrementó el número de mazorcas por planta, el peso del grano y el rendimiento, alcanzando un máximo de 9,9 t/ha. Notablemente, las micorrizas elevaron significativamente el contenido de nitrógeno del grano en un 7 % en comparación con el control, lo que sugiere su potencial para mejorar la calidad de la dieta y la seguridad alimentaria de la población andina.
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