Mecanismos moleculares en metaplasia osteocartilaginosa vascular: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v73.n4.14567Palabras clave:
metaplasia, condrogénesis, osteogénesis, aterosclerosis, calcificación vascular, antioxidantesResumen
Introducción: Las metaplasias cartilaginosas y óseas que ocurren tanto en el corazón como en los vasos sanguíneos, son consecuencia de factores de riesgo o enfermedades crónicas que gradualmente afectan negativamente el desempeño de una persona en la sociedad y que corresponden a signos clínicos reversibles en estadíos tempranos o intermedios de las alteraciones. Objetivo: Establecer la manera en que los mecanismos moleculares fundamentan los crecientes cambios metaplásicos vasculares y los posibles aspectos de tratamiento y prevención. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática mediante la búsqueda de artículos indexados en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y Science Direct entre 1995 a 2015. Los descriptores MeSH utilizados fueron metaplasia and vascular calcification, a los que se asociaron los términos de molecular mechanisms, condrogenic and osteogenic. Resultados y discusión: Múltiples factores influyen en el cambio metaplásico, en especial los pro-inflamatorios asociados a la oxidación vascular y la presencia de radicales libres, cuyo desarrollo es reversible mediante el tratamiento con antioxidantes y las modificaciones en el estilo de vida, así como la prevención secundaria al existir un diagnóstico de enfermedad crónica degenerativa. Conclusión: La literatura evidencia que los factores que reduzcan el estrés oxidativo tisular y que promuevan el mantenimiento del fenotipo vascular son protectores y/o reductores de las formaciones metaplásicas osteocartilaginosas.
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