Keywords
dieta
obesity
anxiety
How to Cite
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) is a complex community of billions of commensal microorganisms, conditioned by perinatal, postnatal, environmental and pharmacological factors, with significant metabolic activity. Its dysbiosis is associated with a greater predisposition to intestinal, allergic and metabolic diseases, as well as to mental, autoimmune diseases and some types of cancer.
Stress and anxiety may affect the diversity of GM, with increased permeability to pathogens, minor presence of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Lactobacillus spp. and a persistent activation of the appetite that can trigger excess weight. The microbial ecology is different between healthy and obese, affecting energy homeostasis with a consequent higher concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and fat storage. On the other hand, healthy food patterns are associated to F. prausnitzii and Prevotella copri, linked with beneficial cardiometabolic markers and negative correlation with visceral fat.
Although it has been shown that diet actively participates in the structural regulation of GM, with implications for mood, stress and anxiety, and the possible therapeutic effects derived from its modulation with probiotics (i.e. L. acidophilus, L. casei and B. bifidum), more prospective studies in humans are required for the planning of comprehensive and personalized dietary interventions.
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