Palavras-chave
diet
obesidade
ansiedade
Como Citar
Resumo
A microbiota intestinal (MI) é uma comunidade complexa de bilhões de microrganismos comensais, condicionada por fatores perinatais, pós-natais, ambientais e farmacológicos, com significativa atividade metabólica. Sua disbiose está associada a uma maior predisposição a doenças intestinais, alérgicas e metabólicas, assim como a doenças mentais, autoimunes e alguns tipos de câncer.
Estresse e ansiedade afetam a diversidade de MI, com maior permeabilidade a patógenos, menor presença de Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes e Lactobacillus spp. e uma ativação persistente do apetite que pode desencadear o excesso de peso. A ecologia microbiana é diferente entre saudáveis e obesos, afetando a homeostase energética com conseqüente maior concentração de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) e armazenamento de gordura. Por outro lado, padrões alimentares saudáveis estão ligados a F. prausnitzii e Prevotella copri, associados a marcadores cardiometabólicos benéficos e correlação negativa com gordura visceral.
Embora tenha sido demonstrado que a dieta participa ativamente na regulação estrutural do IM, com implicações no humor, estresse e ansiedade, e os possíveis efeitos terapêuticos derivados de sua modulação com probióticos (ou seja, L. acidophilus, L. casei e B. bifidum), mais estudos prospectivos em humanos são necessários para o planejamento de intervenções dietéticas abrangentes e personalizadas.
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