Análisis de tiempos hasta que se produce un error de concordancia en cuatro estudiantes italianos de ELE
Main Article Content
Abstract
Different factors are considered, regarding the time passed till production of plural agreement errors in four italian learners of spanish FL, in a longitudinal data case study. Two models were applied: multiple events and competitive risks. The errors were classified as: gender, epenthetic -e-, plural, mixed. The following factors were founded as statistically significant: (i) ‘determinants’ (indefinite, possessive, demonstrative, interrogative, exclamatory) and ‘adjectives’ (proper, ordinal, cardinal); (ii) animate nouns; (iii) instances of agreement in which the student could form a plural in “-os” from an italian plural form in “-i”; (iv) instances of agreement in which the learner could apply an strategy by creating a plural in “-es” from an italian singular form in “-e”; (v) agreement instances with words whose endings had a low or medium similarity with those of the italian words; (vi) instances including familiar and / or frequent nouns; (vii) instances whose TYPES were more frequent.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
La RACC aplicará la licencia internacional de atribuciones comunes creativas (Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Bajo esta licencia, se permite cualquier explotación de la obra, incluyendo la explotación con fines comerciales y la creación de obras derivadas, la distribución de las cuales también está permitida sin ninguna restricción. Esta licencia es una licencia libre según la Freedom Defined. La única condición es que siempre y en todos los casos se cite a los autores y a la fuente original de publicación (i.e., RACC). Esta licencia fue desarrollada para facilitar el acceso abierto, gratuito y libre a trabajos originales científicos y artísticos.
How to Cite
References
Alarcón, I. (2009). The processing of gender agreement in L1 and L2 Spanish: Evidence from Reaction Time Data. Hispania, 92(4), 814-828.
Alarcón, I. (2011). Spanish grammatical gender under complete and incomplete acquisition: early and late Bilinguals’ linguistic behavior within the noun phrase. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 14(3), 332-350. doi: 10.1017/S1366728910000222
Bruhn de Garavito, J. (2008). Acquisition of the Spanish plural by French L1 speakers: the role of transfer. En J. Liceras, H. Zobl & H. Goodluck (Eds.), The role of features in second language acquisition (pp. 270–298). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Bruhn de Garavito, J., & White, L. (2002). The second language acquisition of Spanish DPs: the status of grammatical features. En A. T. Pérez-Leroux & J. Muñoz Liceras (Eds.), The Acquisition of Spanish Morphosyntax: The L1/L2 Connection (pp. 153–178). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Burnham, K. P., & Anderson, D. R. (2010). Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. New York: Springer.
Carrera Díaz, M. (1989). Manual de Gramática Italiana. Barcelona: Ariel.
Corbett, G. (2006). Agreement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Davis, C. J., & Perea, M. (2005). BuscaPalabras: a program for deriving orthographic and phonological neighborhood statistics and other psycholinguistic indices in Spanish. Behavior Research Methods, 37(4), 665-671. doi: 10.3758/BF03192738
Fernández-García, M. (1999). Patterns of gender agreement in the speech of second language learners. En J. Gutiérrez-Rexach & F. Martínez-Gil (Eds.), Advances in hispanic linguistics: papers from the 2nd Hispanic Linguistics Symposium (pp. 3–15). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
Finnemann, M. D. (1992). Learning agreement in the noun phrase: the strategies of three first-year Spanish students. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 30(2), 121-136. doi: 10.1515/iral.1992.30.2.121
Foote, R. (2011). Integrated knowledge of agreement in early and late English-Spanish bilinguals. Applied Linguistics, 32(1), 187-220. doi: 10.1017/S0142716410000342
Foote, R. (2015). The production of gender agreement in native and L2 Spanish: the role of morphophonological form. Second Language Research, 31(3), 343-373. doi: 10.1177/0267658314565691
Franceschina, F. (2001). Morphological or syntactic deficit in near-native speakers? An assessment of some current proposals. Second Language Research, 17(3), 213-247. doi: 10.1177/026765830101700301
Gillon Dowens, M., Vergara, M., Barber, H., & Carreiras, M. (2010). Morphosyntactic processing in late second language learners. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22(8), 1870-1887. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21304.
González, P., Mayans, D, & Van der Bergh, H. (2022). Nominal agreement in the interlanguage of Dutch L2 learners of Spanish. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 60(2), 363-382. doi: 10.1515/iral-2017-0174
Hosmer, D. W., Lemeshow, S., & May, S. (2008). Applied survival analysis: regression modeling of time to event data. New Jersey: Wiley.
Keating, G. D. (2009). Sensitivity to violations of gender agreement in native and nonnative Spanish: an eye-movement investigation. Language Learning, 59(3), 503-535. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9922.2009.00516.x
Keating, G. D. (2010). The effects of linear distance and working memory on the processing of gender agreement in Spanish. En B. VanPatten & J. Jegerski (Eds.), Research in Second Language Processing and Parsing (pp. 113–134). Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Kilgarriff, A., Baisa, V., Jan Bušta, Jakubiček, M., Kovář, V., Michelfeit, J., Rychlý, P., & Suchomel, V. (2014). The Sketch Engine: ten years on. Lexicography, 1(1), 7-36. doi: 10.1007/s40607-014-0009-9
Klein, J. P., & Moeschberger, M. L. (2005). Survival analysis: techniques for censored and truncated data. New York: Springer.
Lichtman, K. (2009). Acquisition of Attributive and Predicative Adjective Agreement in L2 Spanish. En M. Bowles, T. Ionin, S. Montrul & A. Tremblay (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference (pp. 231–247). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Lin, D. Y., & Wei, L. J. (1989). The robust inference for the cox proportional hazards model. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 84(408), 1074-1078. doi: 10.1080/01621459.1989.10478874
Mac Whinney, B. (2020). The Childes Project: Tools for Analyzing Talk. 3rd Edition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Machin, D., Cheung, Y. B., & Parmar, M. (2006). Survival Analysis: A Practical Approach. John Wiley & Sons.
McCarthy, C. (2008). Morphological variability in the comprehension of agreement: an argument for representation over computation. Second Language Research, 24(4), 459-486. doi: 10.1177/0267658308095737.
Montrul, S., Foote, R., & Perpiñan, S. (2008). Gender agreement in adult second language learners and Spanish heritage speakers: the effects of age and context of acquisition. Language Learning, 58(3), 503-553. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9922.2008.00449.x
Moore, D. F. (2016). Applied Survival Analysis Using R. Switzerland: Springer Cham.
Muñoz Liceras, J., Díaz Rodríguez, L., & Mongeon, C. (2000). N-drop and determiners in native and non-native Spanish: more on the role of morphology in the acquisition of syntactic knowledge. En R. P. Leow & C. Sanz (Eds.), Current research on the acquisition of Spanish (pp. 67–96). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
Nerbonne, J., Van Ommen, S., Gooskens, C., & Wieling, M. (2013). Measuring socially motivated pronunciation differences. En L. Borin & A. Saxena (Eds.), Approaches to Measuring Linguistic Differences (pp. 107–140). Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. doi: 10.1515/9783110305258
O’Grady, W. (2005). Syntactic Carpentry: An Emergentist Approach to Syntax. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Elrbaum Associates.
Oakes, M. P. (1998). Statistics for Corpus Linguistics. Edinburgh University Press.
Peña, D. (2002). Análisis de Datos Multivariantes. Madrid: Mc Graw Hill.
Sagarra, N. (2007). Online processing of gender agreement in low proficient English-Spanish late bilinguals. En J. Camacho, N. Flores-Ferrán, L. Sánchez, V. Déprez & M.-J. Cabrera (Eds.), Current Issues in Linguistic Theory Series (pp. 240–253). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/cilt.287.18sag
Sagarra, N., & Herschensohn, J. (2013). Processing of gender and number agreement in late Spanish bilinguals. International Journal of Bilingualism, 17(5), 607-627. doi: 10.1177/1367006912453810.
Scrucca, L., Fop, M., Murphy, T. B., & Raftery, A. E. (2016). Mclust 5: clustering, classification and density estimation using gaussian finite mixture models. The R Journal, 8(1), 289-317. doi: 10.32614/RJ-2016-021
Tableman, M., & Kim, J. S. (2005). Survival Analysis Using S: Analysis of Time-to-Event Data. Londres: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
Van Buuren, S., & Groothuis-Oudshoorn, K. (2011). Mice: multivariate imputation by chained equations in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 45(3), 1-67. doi: 10.18637/jss.v045.i03
White, L., Valenzuela, E., Kozlowska-Macgregor, M., & Leung, Y. (2004). Gender and number agreement in nonnative Spanish. Applied Psycholinguistics, 25(1), 105–133. doi: 10.1017/S0142716404001067