Patrones alimentarios y su asociación con la ganancia de peso gestacional en mujeres embarazadas de Córdoba, Argentina

Victoria Lambert; Virginia Soledad Miranda; Sonia Edith Muñoz; María del Carmen Grande; María Dolores  Román

Authors

Victoria Lambert Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
Virginia Soledad Miranda Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
Sonia Edith Muñoz Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET - Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
María del Carmen Grande Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
María Dolores Román Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba

Keywords:

pregnancy, gestational weight gain, dietary patterns, nutritional epidemiology, Argentina

Abstract

Gestational weight gain (GWG) has been associated with several complications during pregnancy, related to contextual and lifestyle factors. We assessed the association between adherence to dietary patterns and GWG in pregnant women in Córdoba, Argentina, during 2021-2023. An observational longitudinal study (n=239) was conducted and anthropometric, educational, lifestyle and dietary characteristics were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Food groups were constructed and principal component factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns (factor loading >0.50) and adherence scores were estimated. Logistic regression models were fitted to assess the association between dietary patterns and GWG, adjusting for age, physical activity, smoking, educational level and stratifying by pregestational overweight (no excess/excess). The traditional dietary pattern, with positive factor loadings for starchy vegetables and meat, showed a promoting effect on increased GWG in women without pregestational overweight (odds ratio (OR) 2.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11 - 5.28), whereas average educational level showed a protective effect (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.05 - 0.96). In previously overweight women, smoking increased the odds of developing elevated GWG (OR 5.06; 95% CI 1.79 - 14.31). In conclusion, in women without previous overweight, the traditional dietary pattern was associated with elevated GWG. In women with pre-pregnancy overweight, diet was not associated with increased GWG.

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