TRANSFORMATIONS AND CHALLENGES IN UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN PARAGUAY DURING AND AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TEACHERS
Keywords:
COVID-19, pós-pandemia, professores, desafios, transformação digital.Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of ICT became an urgent necessity to maintain continuity of education when face-to-face classes were disrupted worldwide. This generated an accelerated shift towards the adoption and use of technologies in educational settings. One of the main challenges presented by this context represents the integration of ICT in teaching and the technological appropriation of teachers to generate transformations in their practices. Using a qualitative methodology with a descriptive approach, the main objective of this study is to explore, through a qualitative data analysis, the perspective of university teachers in Paraguay in relation to the transformations and challenges during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on content analysis, the results were grouped into categories that include technological challenges and ICT use, adaptation to remote education, motivation and well-being of students and teachers, educational quality and evaluation, innovation and opportunities, as well as interaction and communication. The resilience and adaptability of teachers in the face of the educational crisis imposed by the pandemic is highlighted and it is concluded that despite the significant challenges, teachers were able to identify and take advantage of opportunities to improve and evolve their educational practices.
Downloads
References
Aguilar, M. E. U., Medrano, A. L. J., Arciniega, M. B. A. (2022). Resiliencia de los docentes de educación media superior durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Revista Digital Internacional De Psicología Y Ciencia Social, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.22402/j.rdipycs.unam.e.8.01.2022.428
Ahmadi, D. M. R. (2018). The use of technology in English language learning: A literature review. International journal of research in English education, 3(2), 115-125. http://ijreeonline.com/article-1-120-en.html
Akram, H., Yingxiu, Y., Al-Adwan, A. S., Alkhalifah, A. (2021). Technology integration in higher education during COVID-19: An assessment of online teaching competencies through technological pedagogical content knowledge model. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 736522. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.736522
Al-Ghurbani, A. M., Jazim, F., Abdulrab, M., Al-Mamary, Y. H. S., Khan, I. (2022). The impact of internal factors on the use of technology in higher education in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Human Systems Management, 41(2), 283-302. https://doi.org/10.3233/HSM-211219
Álvarez, M., Gardyn, N., Iardelevsky, A.,Rebello, G. (2020). Educational Segregation in Times of Pandemic: Taking Stock of Initial Actions during Social Isolation by Covid-19 in Argentina. International Journal of Education for Social Justice, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.15366/riejs2020.9.3.002
Álvarez Marinelli, H., Arias Ortiz, E., Bergamaschi, A., López Sánchez, A., Noli, A., Ortiz Guerrero, M., Viteri, A. (2020). La educación en tiempos del coronavirus. Los sistemas educativos de América Latina y el Caribe ante COVID-19. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Amaya, A., Zúñiga Mireles, E., Salazar Blanco, M., Ávila Ramírez, A. (2018). Empoderar a los profesores en su quehacer académico a través de certificaciones internacionales en competencias digitales. Apertura (Guadalajara, Jal.), 10(1), 104-115. https://doi.org/10.32870/ap.v10n1.1174
Amraouy, M., Bellafkih, M., Bennane, A., Talaghzi, J. (2023). Toward an Effective Model for Evaluating Distance Education. Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn., 18(4), 16-31. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v18i04.35167
Armitage, R. y Nellums, L. (2020). Considering inequalities in the school closure response to COVID-19. The Lancet Global Health, 8(5), e644. http://doi:10.1016s2214-109x(20)30116-9
Berger, J. L., Girardet, C., Vaudroz, C., Crahay, M. (2018). Teaching experience, teachers’ beliefs, and self-reported classroom management practices: A coherent network. SAGE open, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017754119
Boateng, A. B. y Tindi, S. (2022). Technology Appropriation in Higher Education: The Case of Communication Educators in Ghana. Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities, 2(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.2.2.12
Boéchat-Heer, S., Impedovo, M. A., Arcidiacono, F. (2015). An Analysis of Teachers' Processes of Technology Appropriation in Classroom. International Journal of Digital Literacy and Digital Competence (IJDLDC), 6(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJDLDC.2015040101
Brianza, E., Schmid, M., Tondeur, J., Petko, D. (2023). The digital silver lining of the pandemic: The impact on preservice teachers’ technological knowledge and beliefs. Education and Information Technologies, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11801-w
Britez, M. (2020). Education in the face of the advance of COVID-19 in Paraguay. Comparison with countries of the Triple Frontier. [Preprint]. https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.22
Cámara-Cuevas, N. &y Hernández-Palaceto, C. (2022). El uso de las herramientas digitales para la enseñanza en educación superior durante la pandemia por COVID-19: Un estudio piloto. Revista Eduscientia. Divulgación de la ciencia educativa, 5(9), 43-57.
Canese, V., Mereles, J. I., Amarilla, J. (2022). Changes in educational adaptation during the covid-19 pandemic in Paraguay, 2020-2021. Religación, 7(34). https://doi.org/10.46652/rgn.v7i34.989
Celaya Ramírez, R., Lozano Martínez, F., Ramírez Montoya, M. S. (2010). Apropiación tecnológica en profesores que incorporan recursos educativos abiertos en educación media superior. Revista mexicana de investigación educativa, 15(45), 487-513.
Cepal, N. (2020). La educación en tiempos de la pandemia de COVID-19. Recuperado de https://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/45904
Chaparro, D. G. y Barrero, N. E. E. (2021). Educación en pandemia: variables de reflexión, retos y oportunidades. Educación y Ciudad, (41), 119-131. https://doi.org/10.36737/01230425.n41.2579
Chiecher, A. C. (2022). Docentes en pandemia. Actitudes hacia las tecnologías y percepciones de la enseñanza virtual. Actualidades Investigativas en Educación, 22(2), 133-164. https://doi.org/10.15517/aie.v22i2.48680
Colás Bravo, M. P., Rodríguez López, M., Jiménez Cortés, R. (2005). Evaluación de e-learning: indicadores de calidad desde el enfoque sociocultural. Teoría de La Educación. Educación Y Cultura En La Sociedad de La Información, 6(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks.18186
CONES. (2020). Educación Superior del Paraguay en Tiempos de COVID-19 | Consejo Nacional de Educación Superior CONES. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/333D8aI
D’Agostino, A., Longobardi, S., Migali, G., Ruso, F. (2022). Measuring teachers’ readiness to use ICT before the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Qual Quant. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-022-01586-4
Dele-Ajayi, O., Fasae, O. D., Okoli, A. (2021). Teachers’ concerns about integrating information and communication technologies in the classrooms. Plos one, 16(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249703
Domínguez, M. C., Medina, A., Cacheiro, M. C. (2010). Investigación e Innovación de la Docencia Universitaria en el EEES. Madrid: Editorial Universitaria Ramón Areces.
Esposito, S. y Principi, N. (2020). School Closure During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. JAMA Pediatrics. 174(10), 921-922. http://doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1892
Farjon, D., Smits, A., Voogt, J. (2019). Technology integration of pre-service teachers explained by attitudes and beliefs, competency, access, and experience. Computers & Education, (130), 81-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.11.010
Ferro Soto, C., Martínez Senra, A. I., Otero Neira, M. C. (2009). Ventajas del uso de las TICs en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje desde la óptica de los docentes universitarios españoles. Edutec. Revista Electrónica De Tecnología Educativa, (29), a119. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2009.29.451
Foutsitzi, S., y Caridakis, G. (2019, July). ICT in education: Benefits, challenges and new directions. In 2019 10th international conference on information, intelligence, systems and applications (IISA) (pp. 1-8). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IISA.2019.8900666
Garcés-Suárez, E., y Alcívar, A. (2016). Las tecnologías de la información en el cambio de la educación superior en el siglo XXI: reflexiones para la práctica. Revista Universidad y Sociedad, 8(4), 171-177.http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2218-36202016000400023&lng=es&tlng=es
García-Peñalvo, F. J., Corell, A. (2020). La COVID-19: ¿Enzima de la transformación digital de la docencia o reflejo de una crisis metodológica y competencial en la educación superior? Campus virtuales, 9(2), 83-98.
Gellerstedt, M., Babaheidari, S. M., Svensson, L. (2018). A first step towards a model for teachers' adoption of ICT pedagogy in schools. Heliyon, 4(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00786
Gordillo, W., Meléndez, C., Sierra, F., Cabanillas, M. (2023). Information Technologies that Help Improve Academic Performance, A Review of the Literature. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 18(4), 262-279. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v18i04.34821
Granados, M., Romero S., Rengifo, R., García, G. (2020). Tecnología en el proceso educativo: nuevos escenarios. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 25(92), 1809-1823. https://doi.org/10.51660/ripie.v2i1.58
Guacaneme-Mahecha, M., Zambrano-Izquierdo, D., Gómez-Zermeño, M. G. (2016). Apropiación tecnológica de los profesores: el uso de recursos educativos abiertos. Educación y educadores, 19(1), 105-117. https://doi.org/10.5294/edu.2016.19.1.6
Guillén-Gámez, F. D., Cabero-Almenara, J., Llorente-Cejudo, C., Palacios-Rodríguez, A. (2022). Differential analysis of the years of experience of higher education teachers, their digital competence and use of digital resources: Comparative research methods. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 27(4), 1193-1213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-021-09531-4
Granados, M., Romero S., Rengifo, R., García, G. (2020). Tecnología en el proceso educativo: nuevos escenarios. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 25(92), 1809-1823. https://doi.org/10.51660/ripie.v2i1.58
Guiñez-Cabrera, N. A. y Mansilla-Obando, K. (2021). WhatsApp Web con fines académicos en tiempos de la covid-19. Apertura (Guadalajara, Jal.), 13(2), 54-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/Ap.v13n2.2084
Hamid, S., Waycott, J., Kurnia, S. Chang, S. (2014). An empirical study of lecturers’ appropriation of social technologies for higher education. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 30(3). https://doi.org/10.32870/Ap.v13n2.2084
Hamilton-Ekeke, J. T., Mbachu, C. E. (2015). The place of information, communication and technology (ICT) in teaching and learning in Nigerian tertiary institutions. American Journal of Educational Research, 3(3), 340-347.
Hemmi, A., Bayne, S., Land, R. (2009). The appropriation and repurposing of social technologies in higher education. Journal of computer assisted learning, 25(1), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2008.00306.x
Hernández-Suárez, C. A., Prada-Núñez, R., Solano-Pinto, N., Fernández-Cezar, R. (2021). Factores de riesgo y resiliencia durante el aislamiento obligatorio de la pandemia de COVID-19: Una experiencia en docentes de Educación Superior. Mundo Fesc, 11(S1), 27-37. https://doi.org/10.61799/2216-0388.882
Hodges, C. B., Moore, S., Lockee, B. B., Trust, T., Bond, M. A. (2020). The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/the-difference-between-emergency-remote-teaching-and-online-learning
Instefjord, E. (2015). Appropriation of digital competence in teacher education. Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy, 10(Jubileumsnummer), 155-171. https://doi.org/10.18261/ISSN1891-943X-2014-04-06
Khan, M. S. H. y Markauskaite, L. (2017). Approaches to ICT-enhanced teaching in technical and vocational education: A phenomenographic perspective. Higher Education, 73, 691-707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-9990-2
Ley, T., Tammets, K., Sarmiento-Márquez, E. M., Leoste, J., Hallik, M. Poom-Valickis, K. (2021). Adopting technology in schools: modelling, measuring and supporting knowledge appropriation. European Journal of Teacher Education, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2021.1937113
Li, C. y Lalani, F. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic has changed education forever. This is how. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2S4bxQu
Machado, M., Espina, K., & Aguilar, G. (2020). Atributos de la resiliencia en el docente de educación básica ante la pandemia del COVID-19. Revista Estudios en Educación, 3(5), 112-136. http://ojs.umc.cl/index.php/estudioseneducacion/article/view/147
Mercader, C., & Gairín, J. (2020). University teachers' perception of barriers to the use of digital technologies: the importance of the academic discipline. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-0182-x
Mishra, P. y Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers college record, 108(6), 1017-1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00684.x
Mohamed Hashim, M., Tlemsani, I., Matthews, R. (2022). Higher education strategy in digital transformation. Educ Inf Technol 27, 3171–3195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10739-1
Montes González, J. A. y Ochoa Angrino, S. (2006). Apropiación de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en cursos universitarios. Acta colombiana de psicología, 9(2), 87-100.
MSPBS, Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare. (año) - First case of the new coronavirus in Paraguay. (2020). Recuperado de https://bit.ly/30apMaN
Nájar Sánchez, O. (2016). Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación aplicadas a la educación. Praxis & saber, 7(14), 9-16.
Palloff, R. M. y Pratt, K. (2001). Lessons from the Cyberspace Classroom. The Realities of Online Teaching. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass
Phipps, R. y Merisotis, J. (1999). What's the difference? A review of contemporary research on the effectiveness of distance learning in higher education. The Institute for Higher Education Policy
Regan, P. M.y Khwaja, E. T. (2019). Mapping the political economy of education technology: A networks perspective. Policy Futures in Education, 17(8), 1000-1023. https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2018.1561368
Reimers, F. (2020). Dialogue on education conversations for a country in emergency [Ebook]. Asunción, Paraguay: Observatorio Educativo Ciudadano. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3g85TH2
Sunkel, G., Trucco, D., Espejo, A. (2014). La integración de las tecnologías digitales en las escuelas de América Latina y el Caribe. Una mirada multidimensional. CEPAL. Recuperado de https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/21681/S2013023_es.pdf
Tao, Y. y Ma, J. (2022). Effects of the TPACK Levels of University Teachers on the Use of Online Teaching Technical Tools. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 17(20). https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i20.35135
Torres Cañizález, P. C.y Cobo Beltrán, J. K. (2017). Tecnología educativa y su papel en el logro de los fines de la educación. Educere, 21(68), 31-40.
UNESCO (2020a). "COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response", Recuperado de https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse
UNESCO (2020b). "Alarming digital divides emerge in distance learning."Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2YCmdcY
Valencia, T., Serna, A., Ochoa, S., Caicedo, A. M., Montes, J. A., Chávez, J. D. (2016). Competencias y estándares TIC desde la dimensión pedagógica: Una perspectiva desde los niveles de apropiación de las TIC en la práctica educativa docente. Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Van Dijk, J. (2017). Afterword: The state of digital divide theory. In Theorizing digital divides (pp. 199-206). Routledge.
Viner, R. M., Russell, S. J., Croker, H., Packer, J., Ward, J., Stansfield, C., Mytton, O., Bonell, C., Booy, R. (2020). School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: A rapid systematic review. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(5), 397-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30095-X.
Voogt, J. McKenney, S. (2017). TPACK in teacher education: Are we preparing teachers to use technology for early literacy? Technology, pedagogy and education, 26(1), 69-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2016.1174730
Wang, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, J., Jiang, F. (2020). Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet, 395(10228), 945-947. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30547-x.
Winter, E., Costello, A., O’Brien, M., Hickey, G. (2021). Teachers’ use of technology and the impact of Covid-19. Irish educational studies, 40(2), 235-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2021.1916559
Wozney, L., Venkatesh, V., Abrami, P. (2006). Implementing computer technologies: Teachers' perceptions and practices. Journal of Technology and teacher education, 14(1), 173-207.
Wu, Y. C. J., Pan, C. I., Yuan, C. H. (2017). Attitudes towards the use of information and communication technology in management education. Behaviour & Information Technology, 36(3), 243-254.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Integración y Conocimiento
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who have publications with this journal accept the following terms:
a. Authors shall retain their copyright and guarantee the journal the right of first publication of their work, which shall simultaneously be subject to the Creative Commons License of Recognition which allows third parties to share the work as long as its author is indicated and its first publication is this journal.
b. Authors may adopt other non-exclusive licensing agreements for the distribution of the published version of the work (e.g., depositing it in an institutional telematic archive or publishing it in a monographic volume) provided that the initial publication in this journal is indicated.
c. Authors are allowed and encouraged to disseminate their work via the Internet (e.g. in institutional telematic archives or on their website) after publication of the article, which may lead to interesting exchanges and increased citations of the published work. (See The Effect of Open Access).