Infecciones del tracto urinario de la comunidad en el paciente adulto mayor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v74.n1.13872Keywords:
infecciones urinarias, anciano, farmacorresistencia.Abstract
Introducción
La infección del tracto urinario de la comunidad (ITUco) es frecuente. Los ancianos poseen mayor susceptibilidad, presentando dificultades diagnósticas. La etiología y sensibilidad antimicrobiana es poco conocida en nuestro medio.
Objetivos
Evaluar en ancianos la incidencia según sexo, signosintomatología, microorganismo recuperado, patrón de resistencia.
Material y Métodos
Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y comparativo. Se analizaron registros de urocultivos del año 2013 del Hospital Nacional de Clínicas (Córdoba- Argentina). Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 65 años, internados con diagnóstico de ITUco, excluyéndose cateterizados.
Variables analizadas: Sexo, sígnosintomatología, etiología y sensibilidad a antimicrobianos. Estudio comparativo mediante test de Chi Cuadrado para variable signosintomatología. Se determinó frecuencias en demás variables categóricas.
Resultados
Se analizaron 349 pacientes: 1) Urocultivo positivo 191 (caso), negativo 158 (control), 2) Edad promedio 77 años (mujeres 76%, varones 24%), 3) Signosintomatología: Fiebre (45%), sepsis (17%), depresión del sensorio (14%), descompensación cardíaca (11%), 4) Cultivo: Monomicrobiano 95.29%, 5) Identificación y porcentajes de resistencia a antimicrobianos: Escherichia coli (67,7%): ampicilina/sulbactam 52.7%, ciprofloxacina 51.9%, trimetoprima/sulfametoxazol 45.7%, cefotaxima: 12,9 %, amicacina: 3,9 %, Klebsiella pneumoniae (11,97%): ciprofloxacina 60.8%, trimetoprima/sulfametoxazol 50%, cefotaxima 47.8%, amicacina 4.7%. Enterococcus spp. (9,89%): ampicilina 0%, vancomicina 0%. Otros: Cándidas spp. (3.66%), Proteus mirabilis (2,6%), Staphylococcus aureus (2,6%), Enterobacter cloacae (1,56%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1,56%). Los bacilos gramnegativos no presentaron resistencia a imipenem.
Conclusiones
Los aislamientos fueron mayormente monomicrobianos en mujeres. E. coli fue la bacteria predominante. Destacamos la elevada resistencia a ciprofloxacina, ampicilina/sulbactam y TMS. Se propone evitar su uso empírico, en esta población.
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