Carcinoma de mama: expresión inmunohistoquímica de receptor estrogénico, progesterona, HER 2- NEU y KI 67. Correlación histopatológica y molecular de valor pronostico

Abstract

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women from developed as well as developing countries. The histopathological examination of the tumors provides information, which helps predict the biological behavior of the tumor. The immunohistochemical techniques, in turn, were successful at showing the tumor characteristics of prognostic value. Moreover, the above-mentioned techniques have provided arguments that set subclassifications of diagnostic and therapeutic significance, which allow the medical practice to offer a personalized therapy by better classifying the type of neoplasm. The aim of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of the histopathological and immunohistochemical aspects as well as the molecular changes of this disease, in order to optimize those aspects related to the therapeutic conduct and approach of a disease, which causes high morbimortality rates.

The research included a total of 61 female patients who had breast cancer, diagnosed by histopathology. Said female patients were treated at Hospital Universitario de Maternidad y Neonatología of the National University of Cordoba from 2013 to 2018.

The most common molecular subtypes were Luminal A and Luminal B, while Her2 and Triple negative were less common according to the sample. The ductal y lobulillar histopathological types were not found associated with any of the immunophenotypes. No conclusion could be reached in relation to the papillary, metaplasic and mixed histological subtypes due to the fact that each of them was represented by just one case. A significant relation was found between the immunophenotype and the nuclear grade or the grade of differentiation, since the well-differentiated injuries were only found related to the Luminal A immunophenotype, while the Luminal B, Her2 and Triple negative immunophenotypes were associated with little or moderately differentiated injuries.

Although the study sampled a small population compared to studies reported, which provide results obtained in the analysis of populations with over hundreds of cases, it could show an immunophenotypic and anatomopathological reality which is not different. On the contrary, it agrees with the findings in the large-scale studies which were performed in different parts of the world by important researchers groups.