Sindrome de Ovario Poliquístico
Revisión de su fisiopatogenia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v70.n1.20282Palavras-chave:
síndrome de ovario poliquístico, insulino resistencia, fisiopatogeniaResumo
El síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP), la endocrinopatía ginecológica más frecuente en mujeres en edad fértil, se caracteriza por hiperandrogenismo, anovulación crónica y/u ovarios poliquísticos. A pesar de que su etiología permanece desconocida y que se han propuesto diferentes hipótesis, en la actualidad se jerarquiza a la insulino resistencia como la principal causante del síndrome y su implicancia en las alteraciones metabólicas. La hiperinsulinemia compensatoria contribuye al hiperandrogenismo por diferentes vías: estimulando la síntesis ovárica de andrógenos e inhibiendo la producción hepática de la globulina transportadora de hormonas sexuales. A partir del estudio del ambiente intrauterino, en los últimos años se ha propuesto que el SOP podría tener un origen in útero relacionado con la exposición prenatal a andrógenos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es revisar las principales mecanismos propuestos como causantes del síndrome.
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