Cómo las ratas conquistaron los laboratorios
(o cómo lxs científicxs las conquistaron a ellas)
Palavras-chave:
organismos modelo, ratas de laboratorio, estandarización, historia y filosofía de la biología, estudios de la ciencia y la tecnologíaResumo
Este artículo explora algunos problemas filosóficos vinculados a las prácticas científicas experimentales con ratas de laboratorio (Rattus norvegicus). Esta especie se ha vuelto indispensable en las ciencias de la vida, representando más del 90% de los organismos utilizados en algunas disciplinas. Mediante la experimentación con las mismas, lxs científicxs pretenden extrapolar los resultados obtenidos a otras especies, especialmente al Homo sapiens.
El éxito de las ratas de laboratorio nos lleva a preguntarnos por qué y cómo ciertos organismos son usados como modelos. Al analizar la historia de la emergencia de los organismos modelo y su uso contemporáneo, este estudio revela insights sobre el uso de modelos en ciencias, subrayando factores históricos y comunitarios que influyen en su elección. La evolución de Rattus norvegicus desde una especie sinantrópica hasta un modelo experimental altamente adaptado al ambiente de laboratorio señala la compleja interacción entre las relaciones humano-animales y la investigación científica. En última instancia, este análisis pretende enriquecer nuestra comprensión de las prácticas de modelado científico, enfatizando la necesidad de recurrir a una multiplicidad de enfoques para configurar una perspectiva sensible a la historia de la ciencia, la filosofía de los modelos y la experimentación y el análisis de las teorías biológicas.
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